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Dielectrophoresis at the nanoscale has gained significant attention in recent years as a low-cost, rapid, efficient, and label-free technique. This method holds great promise for various interdisciplinary applications related to micro- and nanoscience, including biosensors, microfluidics, and nanomachines. The innovation and development of such devices and platforms could promote wider applications in the field of nanotechnology. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments and applications of nanoparticle dielectrophoresis, where at least one dimension of the geometry or the particles being manipulated is equal to or less than 100 nm. By offering a theoretical foundation to understand the processes and challenges that occur at the nanoscale—such as the need for high field gradients—this article presents a comprehensive overview of the advancements and applications of nanoparticle dielectrophoresis platforms over the past 15 years. This period has been characterized by significant progress, as well as persistent challenges in the manipulation and separation of nanoscale objects. As a foundation for future research, this review will help researchers explore new avenues and potential applications across various fields. 

Trapped nanoparticles on a nanofiber electrode due to AC dielectrophoresis.